I have an application involving objects of different class types. The objects are referenced by pointers. A null pointer signifies that the associated object does not exist. Currently the calling codes is cumbersome, because each time it uses a pointer to an object, it tests the pointer value for null, and take some appropriate action it is null. Because the default action to be taken in the case of non-existence depends on the type of object, I would prefer to encode it in the classes for the objects themselves rather than in the calling program. This results in constructions like the following:I have an application involving objects of diff