什么是将字符（数字）转换为整数的“java”方式

Given the following code:

给出以下代码:

    char x = '5';
    int a0 = x - '0'; // 0
    int a1 = Integer.parseInt(x + ""); // 1
    int a2 = Integer.parseInt(Character.toString(x)); // 2
    int a3 = Character.digit(x, 10); // 3
    int a4 = Character.getNumericValue(x); // 4
    System.out.printf("%d %d %d %d %d", a0, a1, a2, a3, a4);
    char