如何将独立字符实例与字符串字段分离

hopefully I can explain my question correctly. I have a varchar2 field that has a description of things. Some of the things have a descriptor attached to them based on a stand alone letter/number. My question is how can I separate the stand alone instances of letters/numbers from the main text field? I have provided a simple example of what I am looking for. hopefully I can explain my question correctly.