SQL SELECT列表中,使用*和不使用*的索引使用情况

写写如果SELECT列表中,使用*和不使用*的索引使用情况，如果错了，希望各位改正。例子以Northwind.dbo.Orders表为例，因为对这个表比较熟悉。先创建出示例数据库：CREATE DATABASE Test;GOUSE TestGO--将Northwind.dbo.Orders表的数据导到我们的测试数据库当中.SELECT * INTO dbo.Orders FROM Northwind.dbo.Orders;GO--现在为Test.dbo.Orders表添加几个索引--建立OrderID为键值的聚集索引CREATE UNIQUE CLUSTERED INDEX cidx_OrderID ON dbo.Orders(OrderID);--建立CustomerID,EmployeeID复合的非聚集索引CREATE INDEX idx_CustomerID_EmployeeID ON dbo.Orders(CustomerID,EmployeeID);--建立OrderDate为键值的非聚集索引,并包含ShipVia,Freight列CREATE INDEX idx_OrderDate ON dbo.Orders(OrderDate) INCLUDE(ShipVia,Freight);--建立ShippedDate为键值的非聚集索引CREATE INDEX idx_ShippedDate ON dbo.Orders(ShippedDate);/*table_name index_name index_id type_desc-------------------- -------------------- ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------Orders cidx_OrderID 1 CLUSTEREDOrders idx_CustomerID_Emplo 2 NONCLUSTEREDOrders idx_OrderDate 3 NONCLUSTEREDOrders idx_ShippedDate 4 NONCLUSTERED(4 row(s) affected)*/--聚集索引的index_id固定为1的，而非聚集索引的index_id从2到249之间，--而没有聚集索引时，有一个index_id为0，index_name为null的记录。/*我们说，聚集索引和非聚集索引的主要区别是叶级别存放些什么。聚集索引在存放键值，还会存放所有的数据。而非聚集索引除了存放键值，还会存一个bookmark，而bookmark是rid还是聚集索引键看表是否是堆表。因为聚集索引在叶级别中存放所有的数据，所以它会覆盖表中所有的列。而非聚集索引则不能覆盖表中所有的列。所以要清楚非聚集索引覆盖哪些列，这个很重要。*/CREATE INDEX idx_CustomerID_EmployeeID ON dbo.Orders(CustomerID,EmployeeID);/*idx_CustomerID_EmployeeID索引覆盖了CustomerID、EmployeeID和OrderID。我们说，非聚集索引除了存放键值外，还会存一个bookmark，因为OrderID是聚集索引的键值，所以非聚集索引会以OrderID作为bookmark存放。*/CREATE INDEX idx_OrderDate ON dbo.Orders(OrderDate) INCLUDE(ShipVia,Freight);/*Idx_OrderDate索引覆盖了OrderDate,ShipVia,Freight，OrderID四个列的数据，而ShipVia,Freight仅存放在叶级别中，不影响非聚集索引键在索引当中的位置。*/CREATE INDEX idx_ShippedDate ON dbo.Orders(ShippedDate);--Idx_ShippedDate索引则覆盖了ShippedDate和OrderID--示例一:SELECT * FROM dbo.Orders;/*在这个查询中,SELECT 使用了*,也就是要返回所有列的数据,我们知道,要返回全部的所有数据,我们只要在聚集索引中逐页去扫描,就能得到所有的数据.所以它的执行计划是:StmtText------------------------------------------------------------------------- |--Clustered Index Scan(OBJECT:([Test].[dbo].[Orders].[cidx_OrderID])) */--示例二:SELECT * FROM dbo.Orders ORDER BY ShippedDate;/*在这个示例当中.加上ORDER BY ShippedDate,我们知道ORDER BY 会得益于索引,而ShippedDate列上刚好有一个索引,而这时间,会不会在idx_ShippedDate上作Index Scan呢?答案是不会的.在默认情况下,ORDER BY会使用聚集索引扫描Clustered Index Scan,然后再加一个Sort运算符去排序.除非是ORDER BY中列的索引覆盖了SELECT列表中的列所以示例二的执行计划是:StmtText------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |--Sort(ORDER BY:([Test].[dbo].[Orders].[ShippedDate] ASC)) |--Clustered Index Scan(OBJECT:([Test].[dbo].[Orders].[cidx_OrderID]))*/示例三:SELECT OrderID,ShippedDate FROM dbo.Orders ORDER BY ShippedDate;/*这个示例中,ORDER BY 中的ShippedDate列中的idx_ShippedDate索引,正好覆盖了SELECT列表中的OrderID和ShippedDate,所以可以在idx_ShippedDate中作一个Index Scan就能得到以ShippedDate排序的数据所以示例三的执行计划是:StmtText----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |--Index Scan(OBJECT:([Test].[dbo].[Orders].[idx_ShippedDate]), ORDERED FORWARD)*/--示例四:SELECT OrderID,OrderDate,ShipVia,FreightFROM dbo.Orders ORDER BY OrderDate,ShipVia;/*OrderDate列中有一个索引,它覆盖了OrderDate,ShipVia,Freight,OrderID上面的SELECT当中,正好是这个索引覆盖的列那这个查询会不会在idx_OrderDate上作一个Index Scan呢?答案是不会的.因为在ORDER BY 当中,没有OrderDate和ShipVia复合的索引,所以无法确定OrderDate和ShipVia组合的顺序.但是它的列表当中.在idx_OrderDate索引中已经它们的数据了.所以会在idx_OrderDate索引上作一个Index Scan,再加一个Sort排序执行计划为:StmtText------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |--Sort(ORDER BY:([Test].[dbo].[Orders].[OrderDate] ASC, [Test].[dbo].[Orders].[ShipVia] ASC)) |--Index Scan(OBJECT:([Test].[dbo].[Orders].[idx_OrderDate]))*/--示例五SELECT OrderID,CustomerID,EmployeeID FROM dbo.Orders ORDER BY CustomerID,EmployeeID/*这个查询中.ORDER BY中的两个列正好有一个idx_CustomerID_EmployeeID的覆合索引,而SELECT列表中的列,索引idx_CustomerID_EmployeeID也能覆盖掉它.所以这个查询只需要在idx_CustomerID_EmployeeID索引上作一个Index Scan即可执行计划为:StmtText--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |--Index Scan(OBJECT:([Test].[dbo].[Orders].[idx_CustomerID_EmployeeID]), ORDERED FORWARD)*/写写如果SELECT列表中,使用*和不使用*的索引使用情况，如果错了，希望各位改正。例子以N</p></div><br /><hr><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap/5.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha512-siwe/oXMhSjGCwLn+scraPOWrJxHlUgMBMZXdPe2Tnk3I0x3ESCoLz7WZ5NTH6SZrywMY+PB1cjyqJ5jAluCOg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-icons/1.9.1/font/bootstrap-icons.min.css" integrity="sha512-5PV92qsds/16vyYIJo3T/As4m2d8b6oWYfoqV+vtizRB6KhF1F9kYzWzQmsO6T3z3QG2Xdhrx7FQ+5R1LiQdUA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" /> <script src="https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/api.js?onload=_turnstileCb" defer></script> <br /> <main class="form-signin" style="width: 350px;"> <form method="POST" action="?t=1783549992_6462"> <p>你的当前访问异常,请进行认证后继续阅读剩余内容。</p> <div class="checkbox mb-3">  <div id="myWidget"></div>  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